Neck Fractures

Neck fractures, also known as cervical spine fractures, occur when one of the bones in the neck breaks due to trauma. These injuries range from mild compression fractures to severe breaks that can compromise the spinal cord.

Two of the most recognized types are odontoid fractures (involving the C2 vertebra’s odontoid process) and Hangman’s fractures (a break in the C2 vertebra itself). Both require careful diagnosis and treatment to protect spinal stability and prevent neurological injury.

At The Orthopedic Partners, our spine specialists provide expert evaluation and treatment for neck fractures using advanced imaging, bracing, and surgical techniques when needed.

What Are Neck Fractures?

The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae (C1–C7). These bones provide stability and support while protecting the spinal cord. A fracture occurs when one of these bones cracks or breaks, typically from trauma such as a fall, sports injury, or motor vehicle accident.

Odontoid Fractures

These involve the peg-shaped part of the C2 vertebra (the odontoid process or “dens”), which stabilizes the joint between the skull and spine. Odontoid fractures are among the most common cervical fractures in older adults.

Hangman’s Fractures

These involve a break in the C2 vertebra itself, often caused by high-energy trauma such as a car accident or fall.

Symptoms of Neck Fractures

Symptoms depend on the severity and location of the fracture, but may include:

  • Severe neck pain immediately after trauma
  • Swelling, bruising, or tenderness at the back or sides of the neck
  • Inability to move the neck comfortably
  • Muscle spasms
  • Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms or legs (if nerves are involved)
  • In serious cases, signs of spinal cord injury such as paralysis or loss of bladder/bowel control

Any suspected neck fracture is a medical emergency and should be evaluated promptly.

What Causes Neck Fractures?

Neck fractures are almost always related to trauma or force applied to the cervical spine. Common causes include:

  • Motor vehicle accidents
  • Falls, especially in older adults
  • Sports injuries (football, diving, gymnastics)
  • High-energy trauma, such as skiing or cycling accidents

Risk Factors

Certain factors may increase the likelihood of sustaining a neck fracture:

  • Age over 65 (increased risk of odontoid fractures from falls)
  • Osteoporosis or other conditions that weaken bone
  • Participation in high-risk sports or activities
  • History of spinal injury
  • Smoking, poor nutrition, or inactivity (which reduce bone density)

How Are Neck Fractures Diagnosed?

Prompt evaluation is essential to prevent spinal cord injury. Diagnosis usually includes:

  • Physical exam to check neurological function and neck stability
  • X-rays to identify the fracture location and severity
  • CT scans for detailed images of bone structure
  • MRI if there is concern for spinal cord or soft tissue injury

Treatment Options for Neck Fractures

Treatment depends on the type of fracture, stability of the spine, and whether the spinal cord or nerves are involved.

Non-surgical Treatments

  • Cervical collar or brace: Stabilizes the neck while the bone heals, often used for less severe fractures
  • Halo vest immobilization: Provides more rigid support for unstable fractures that can still heal without surgery
  • Medications: Pain management and bone-strengthening therapies in older adults

Surgical Treatments

Surgery may be necessary for unstable fractures, fractures that don’t heal with bracing, or cases with spinal cord compression. Options include:

  • Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF): Provides stability by fusing vertebrae in the front of the neck
  • Posterior cervical fusion: Uses screws and rods placed in the back of the neck to stabilize the spine
  • Odontoid screw fixation: A screw inserted directly into the odontoid to stabilize the fracture while preserving motion (used in select cases)

At The Orthopedic Partners, we often use computer-assisted navigation and robotic-assisted techniques for greater precision and safety in complex fracture repair.

When to See a Spine Specialist

If you have sustained trauma to the head, neck, or upper body followed by neck pain, stiffness, or neurological changes, seek emergency care immediately. Early treatment is essential to prevent permanent damage.

Expert Care for Neck Fractures

At The Orthopedic Partners, our team specializes in diagnosing and treating cervical spine fractures, including odontoid and Hangman’s fractures. Whether care involves bracing, minimally invasive stabilization, or advanced fusion techniques, we focus on protecting the spinal cord and restoring stability.