Herniated Disc in the Back (Lumbar or Thoracic Disc Herniation)

A herniated disc in the back, also called a lumbar or thoracic disc herniation, occurs when the soft center of a spinal disc pushes through its tough outer layer, pressing on nearby nerves. This can cause back pain, nerve irritation, and symptoms that radiate to the legs.

At The Orthopedic Partners, we provide comprehensive care for disc herniations in the lumbar (low back) and thoracic (mid-back) spine, using advanced diagnostics and both conservative and surgical treatments to help you return to your daily activities with less pain and better mobility.

What Is a Herniated Disc in the Back?

The spine is made up of vertebrae separated by intervertebral discs that act as cushions and allow flexibility. Each disc has a soft inner core (nucleus pulposus) and a tough outer shell (annulus fibrosus).

A herniated disc happens when the inner core pushes through a tear or weak spot in the outer shell. In the lumbar spine (low back), this often leads to sciatica, or nerve pain radiating into one leg. In the thoracic spine (mid-back), herniations are less common but can still cause nerve compression and pain.

Symptoms of Lumbar or Thoracic Disc Herniation

Symptoms depend on the disc’s location and the degree of nerve compression. Common signs include:

  • Localized back pain in the low or mid-back
  • Radiating pain into the leg (lumbar) or chest/abdomen (thoracic)
  • Numbness or tingling in the legs, feet, or affected region
  • Muscle weakness in the legs or lower body
  • Difficulty standing or walking for long periods
  • In severe cases, loss of bladder or bowel control (a medical emergency)

If you experience sudden weakness, numbness, or loss of bladder/bowel function, seek emergency medical care immediately.

What Causes a Herniated Disc in the Back?

Herniated discs in the lumbar or thoracic spine may develop due to:

  • Disc degeneration: As we age, spinal discs lose water content, making them more prone to tears or rupture.
  • Repetitive strain: Frequent bending, twisting, or heavy lifting can place stress on the spinal discs.
  • Trauma or injury: Sudden impact from a fall, accident, or sports injury can cause a disc to herniate suddenly.
  • Improper lifting technique: Placing too much stress on the lower back can lead to disc herniation.
  • Genetics: Some individuals are more prone to disc degeneration or structural issues in the spine.

Risk Factors

Several factors may increase your risk of herniating a disc in your back:

  • Being over the age of 40
  • Sedentary lifestyle or prolonged sitting
  • Frequent heavy lifting or manual labor
  • Smoking, which reduces disc nutrition and accelerates degeneration
  • Excess body weight that increases stress on the spine
  • History of spine injury or previous disc herniation

How Is a Herniated Disc in the Back Diagnosed?

At The Orthopedic Partners, we begin with a detailed medical history and physical exam to evaluate your symptoms, reflexes, strength, and nerve function. We may recommend:

  • X-rays: To check spinal alignment and rule out other causes of pain
  • MRI: The most effective way to see herniated discs and nerve compression
  • CT scan or CT myelogram: For additional detail in complex cases
  • Nerve Testing (EMG): To assess nerve function and help determine involved nerves in select cases

Treatment Options for a Herniated Disc in the Back

Most patients improve with conservative care. Our team develops a personalized treatment plan based on your symptoms and lifestyle.

Non-surgical Treatments

  • Activity modification: Avoiding movements that worsen pain while staying active as tolerated
  • Physical therapy: Stretching, strengthening, and posture correction exercises
  • Medications: Anti-inflammatories, muscle relaxants, or oral steroids
  • Epidural steroid injections: To reduce nerve inflammation and pain
  • Heat/ice therapy: For symptom relief in the early stages

Surgical Treatment

If non-surgical treatments fail or symptoms worsen, surgery may be recommended. Common procedures include:

  • Lumbar Microdiscectomy: Minimally invasive removal of herniated disc material to relieve nerve pressure
  • Laminectomy: Removal of non-structural bone, ligaments, and disc material to create more space for nerves
  • Spinal Fusion: Stabilization of the spine when a disc herniation occurs and there is a slipped vertebra
  • Thoracic Decompression: Removal of non-structural bone, ligaments, and herniated disc material in the mid-back that are causing spinal cord compression

When surgery is needed, we often use robotic-assisted and computer-navigated techniques to enhance precision and improve patient outcomes.

When to See a Spine Specialist

If you have persistent back pain, leg pain, or neurological symptoms such as weakness or numbness, it’s important to see a spine specialist. Prompt diagnosis and treatment of a herniated disc in the back can prevent long-term nerve damage and improve your quality of life.

Get Expert Care for Lumbar and Thoracic Disc Herniation

Our spine team at The Orthopedic Partners specializes in diagnosing and treating lumbar and thoracic disc herniations with advanced, personalized care. Whether you need physical therapy, targeted injections, or minimally invasive surgery, we’ll help you find the right treatment for lasting relief.

Schedule an evaluation and take the first step toward feeling better today.