Cervical Myelopathy (Spinal Cord Compression)

Cervical myelopathy, also known as spinal cord compression in the neck, is a serious condition that occurs when the spinal cord becomes compressed or squeezed by surrounding structures in the cervical spine. This can lead to symptoms affecting not only the neck but also the arms, hands, and even the legs.

At The Orthopedic Partners, we specialize in diagnosing and treating cervical myelopathy with advanced, personalized care to prevent further nerve damage and help restore mobility, strength, and independence.

What Is Cervical Myelopathy?

The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae (C1–C7) that protect the spinal cord and allow for neck movement. Within this space, the spinal cord acts as the body’s communication pathway, sending messages between the brain and the rest of the body.

Cervical myelopathy occurs when something narrows the space for the spinal cord and puts pressure on it. This compression can be caused by degenerative changes, herniated discs, bone spurs, or other structural problems in the neck.

Unlike a pinched nerve, which affects specific areas of the body, spinal cord compression can impact multiple muscle groups and functions at once, often worsening over time if untreated.

Symptoms of Cervical Myelopathy

Symptoms may develop gradually or progress quickly, depending on the cause and severity of the compression. Common signs include:

  • Neck pain or stiffness
  • Numbness or tingling in the arms, hands, or fingers
  • Weakness in the arms, hands, or legs
  • Difficulty with fine motor skills (e.g., buttoning clothes, writing)
  • Clumsiness or loss of coordination in the hands
  • Unsteady walking or balance problems
  • Bowel or bladder changes in severe cases

If left untreated, cervical myelopathy can lead to permanent nerve damage and disability.

What Causes Cervical Myelopathy?

Cervical myelopathy can result from several conditions that narrow the spinal canal or directly press on the spinal cord, including:

  • Degenerative disc disease: Age-related disc wear that reduces space for the spinal cord
  • Cervical spondylosis (arthritis): Bone spurs or thickened ligaments that encroach on the spinal canal
  • Herniated cervical disc: Bulging or ruptured disc material pressing on the spinal cord
  • Spinal stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal from degeneration or congenital factors
  • Spinal tumors: Abnormal growths that compress the spinal cord
  • Trauma: Fractures or dislocations from injury that reduce spinal cord space
  • Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL): Calcification of a spinal ligament causing narrowing

Risk Factors

Several risk factors may increase your chances of developing cervical myelopathy:

  • Being over the age of 50
  • Chronic neck arthritis (cervical spondylosis)
  • Previous neck injury
  • Spinal stenosis or other congenital narrowing of the spinal canal
  • Repetitive strain on the neck from work or sports
  • Family history of degenerative spine conditions

How Is Cervical Myelopathy Diagnosed?

At The Orthopedic Partners, diagnosis begins with a detailed medical history and physical exam to evaluate your neurological function, balance, and reflexes. We may order imaging tests such as:

  • X-rays: To check alignment and degenerative changes
  • MRI: The best method to see spinal cord compression and any soft tissue involvement
  • CT scan or CT myelogram: For additional detail in complex cases
  • Nerve Testing (EMG): In select cases to assess nerve and muscle function

Treatment Options for Cervical Myelopathy

Because cervical myelopathy involves compression of the spinal cord, early treatment is essential to prevent permanent damage.

Non-surgical Treatments

Non-surgical care may be appropriate for very mild cases without progressive symptoms and can include:

  • Activity modification
  • Anti-inflammatory medications
  • Physical therapy to improve strength and mobility
  • Short-term immobilization for acute flare-ups

However, many patients with cervical myelopathy will ultimately need surgery to relieve pressure on the spinal cord.

Surgical Treatment

Surgery is often the most effective way to stop progression and protect spinal cord function. Procedures may include:

  • Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF): Removes a damaged disc and stabilizes the neck from the front
  • Cervical Disc Arthroplasty: A motion-preserving alternative to fusion that may be appropriate in select cases when spinal cord compression is caused by an acute disc herniation
  • Cervical Laminoplasty: Expands the spinal canal to relieve spinal cord pressure while maintaining motion
  • Posterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion: Stabilizes the spine from the back in cases of instability

At The Orthopedic Partners, we use robotic-assisted and computer-navigated surgical techniques for the highest precision and safest possible outcomes.

When to See a Spine Specialist

If you notice changes in hand coordination, balance, or strength, especially if combined with neck pain or numbness, you should see a spine specialist promptly. Cervical myelopathy is a progressive condition, and early treatment offers the best chance of preventing long-term complications.

Get Expert Care for Spinal Cord Compression

Our spine team at The Orthopedic Partners has the experience, technology, and dedication to diagnose and treat cervical myelopathy effectively. Whether you need careful monitoring or advanced surgical treatment, we’ll develop a plan to protect your spinal cord and help you regain function.

Schedule your evaluation and take the next step toward finding relief today.