Spinal Stenosis in the Neck (Cervical Spinal Stenosis)

Cervical spinal stenosis, or spinal stenosis in the neck, occurs when the spinal canal narrows and places pressure on the spinal cord and surrounding nerves. This condition can lead to neck pain, stiffness, and neurologic symptoms in the arms or legs. At The Orthopedic Partners, our spine team provides expert care for cervical spinal stenosis using a combination of conservative therapies and advanced surgical options to help you move more freely and confidently.

What Is Cervical Spinal Stenosis?

Your cervical spine is made up of seven vertebrae (C1–C7) stacked on top of one another, forming a protective tunnel for the spinal cord. In cervical spinal stenosis, that tunnel becomes too narrow, typically due to degenerative changes, which causes the spinal cord or nerve roots to become compressed.

This narrowing can occur in the central spinal canal, where the spinal cord runs, or in the foramen, the side openings where nerves exit the spine. In some cases, both areas may be affected. Cervical spinal stenosis is most common in individuals over age 50 and may develop gradually over time.

Symptoms of Cervical Spinal Stenosis

Symptoms vary depending on the degree and location of spinal canal narrowing. In mild cases, you may not notice any symptoms. As the condition progresses, common signs may include:

  • Neck pain or stiffness
  • Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the arms or hands
  • Difficulty with coordination or balance
  • Heaviness or fatigue in the arms or legs
  • Problems with fine motor skills (e.g., buttoning shirts, writing)
    • Changes in walking pattern or frequent tripping

If the spinal cord is compressed (a condition known as cervical myelopathy), symptoms can worsen and affect mobility, bladder or bowel control, and quality of life.

What Causes Spinal Stenosis in the Neck?

Cervical spinal stenosis typically results from age-related wear and tear, though other conditions can also contribute. Common causes include:

  • Arthritis: Osteoarthritis leads to thickened ligaments and bone spurs that encroach on the spinal canal.
  • Degenerative disc disease: Disc collapse or bulging can reduce space around nerves.
  • Herniated disc: A ruptured disc can protrude into the canal or foramen.
  • Thickened ligaments: Over time, spinal ligaments can stiffen and take up extra space.
  • Spinal injuries: Trauma can cause dislocations or fractures that compress the spinal cord.
  • Congenital conditions: Some people are born with a narrower spinal canal.

Risk Factors

Several factors may increase your risk of developing cervical spinal stenosis:

  • Age over 50
  • History of arthritis or spinal degeneration
  • Prior neck injury or spine surgery
  • Poor posture or repetitive neck strain
  • Family history of spinal problems
  • Congenital narrow spinal canal

How Is Cervical Spinal Stenosis Diagnosed?

Our evaluation begins with a full medical history and physical exam to assess your symptoms, strength, and nerve function. We then use advanced imaging to confirm the diagnosis:

  • X-rays: Identify disc degeneration, bone spurs, or alignment issues
  • MRI: Best for visualizing soft tissue, nerve compression, and spinal cord involvement. A CT Myelogram may be necessary for those individuals who cannot undergo an MRI.
  • CT: May be used to evaluate complex anatomy or in surgical planning

Treatment Options for Spinal Stenosis in the Neck

Treatment depends on the severity of your symptoms and whether the spinal cord or nerves are being compressed. Our team will develop a personalized treatment plan designed to reduce symptoms and improve mobility.

Non-surgical Treatments

  • Activity modification: Avoiding aggravating movements and improving ergonomics
  • Physical therapy: Strengthening and stretching exercises to improve stability and range of motion
  • Medications: Anti-inflammatories or nerve pain medications
  • Steroid injections: May provide temporary relief of inflammation and nerve pressure

Surgical Treatment

Surgery may be recommended if non-surgical treatments fail or if there are signs of spinal cord compression. Common surgical options include:

  • Cervical Laminoplasty: Opens the spinal canal while preserving spinal motion
  • Laminectomy with or without fusion: Removes bone or soft tissue compressing the spinal cord or nerves; fusion may be used to stabilize the spine
  • Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF): Removes a damaged disc from the front of the neck and fuses the spine
  • Cervical Disc Replacement: In select patients, this motion-preserving option can relieve nerve pressure while maintaining flexibility

At The Orthopedic Partners, we also utilize robotic-assisted and computer-navigated surgical technologies to improve precision and outcomes for appropriate patients.

When to See a Spine Specialist

If you’re experiencing neck pain, balance issues, or weakness in your arms or legs, it’s important to see a spine specialist. Early diagnosis and intervention for cervical spinal stenosis can help prevent permanent nerve damage and keep you moving with confidence.

Expert Care for Cervical Spinal Stenosis

At The Orthopedic Partners, our spine experts are dedicated to helping you find relief from the symptoms of cervical spinal stenosis. From physical therapy to advanced surgical techniques, we’ll work with you to find a treatment path that fits your needs and goals.

Schedule your evaluation today and get the specialized care your spine deserves.